WebClient C#（開発者向けの動作方法）

Creating a New WebClient

To start using WebClient, you need to create an instance of it. This instance acts as your gateway to making HTTP requests.

Here's a simple way to instantiate a WebClient:

// Create a new instance of WebClient
WebClient client = new WebClient();

// Create a new instance of WebClient
WebClient client = new WebClient();

' Create a new instance of WebClient
Dim client As New WebClient()

This new WebClient() is a basic setup. It prepares your application to interact with HTTP servers. By creating this instance, you gain access to a variety of methods that the WebClient class offers for downloading and uploading data.

Setting the WebClient Properties

Before you begin making requests, you might want to customize the behavior of your WebClient instance. For example, you can set a user agent header to tell the server about the client making the request:

// Adding user-agent to the HTTP headers
client.Headers["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)";

// Adding user-agent to the HTTP headers
client.Headers["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)";

' Adding user-agent to the HTTP headers
client.Headers("User-Agent") = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)"

Setting the user agent header is important because some servers check this header to see if the request comes from a recognized browser or device. This can affect how servers respond to your requests.

Simple File Download

WebClient provides a simple method to download files directly from a URL to a local file. This is useful for applications that need to operate with external resources, like downloading configuration files or updates.

// Example of downloading a file from a URL
string address = "http://example.com/file.zip";
string localFile = "C:\\Downloads\\file.zip";
try
{
    client.DownloadFile(address, localFile);
    Console.WriteLine("Download complete.");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Download failed: " + ex.Message);
}

// Example of downloading a file from a URL
string address = "http://example.com/file.zip";
string localFile = "C:\\Downloads\\file.zip";
try
{
    client.DownloadFile(address, localFile);
    Console.WriteLine("Download complete.");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Download failed: " + ex.Message);
}

' Example of downloading a file from a URL
Dim address As String = "http://example.com/file.zip"
Dim localFile As String = "C:\Downloads\file.zip"
Try
	client.DownloadFile(address, localFile)
	Console.WriteLine("Download complete.")
Catch ex As Exception
	Console.WriteLine("Download failed: " & ex.Message)
End Try

In this example, DownloadFile is used to retrieve a file from a string address and save it as a local file. The process is wrapped in a try-catch block to handle any potential errors, such as an internal server error or connectivity issues.

Handling Download Data in Memory

Sometimes, you may want to handle the downloaded data directly in memory without saving it to a disk. This can be done using the DownloadData method, which returns a byte array:

// Example of downloading data into memory
string uriAddress = "http://example.com/data.json";
try
{
    byte[] data = client.DownloadData(uriAddress);
    string json = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data);
    Console.WriteLine("Data received: " + json);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Error receiving data: " + ex.Message);
}

// Example of downloading data into memory
string uriAddress = "http://example.com/data.json";
try
{
    byte[] data = client.DownloadData(uriAddress);
    string json = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data);
    Console.WriteLine("Data received: " + json);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Error receiving data: " + ex.Message);
}

' Example of downloading data into memory
Dim uriAddress As String = "http://example.com/data.json"
Try
	Dim data() As Byte = client.DownloadData(uriAddress)
	Dim json As String = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data)
	Console.WriteLine("Data received: " & json)
Catch ex As Exception
	Console.WriteLine("Error receiving data: " & ex.Message)
End Try

Here, the data from uriAddress is downloaded into a byte array. It's then converted into a string assuming the data is in JSON format. Handling data in memory is particularly useful when dealing with APIs that return data in JSON format.

Posting Data to a Server

WebClient can also be used to post data to a server. This is commonly done using the HTTP POST method, where you send data as part of the request body.

// Example of posting data to a server
string postAddress = "http://example.com/api/post";
// Prepare string data for POST request
string stringData = "name=John&age=30";
byte[] postData = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(stringData);
try
{
    byte[] response = client.UploadData(postAddress, "POST", postData);
    // Log response headers and content
    Console.WriteLine("Response received: " + System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(response));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Post failed: " + ex.Message);
}

// Example of posting data to a server
string postAddress = "http://example.com/api/post";
// Prepare string data for POST request
string stringData = "name=John&age=30";
byte[] postData = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(stringData);
try
{
    byte[] response = client.UploadData(postAddress, "POST", postData);
    // Log response headers and content
    Console.WriteLine("Response received: " + System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(response));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Post failed: " + ex.Message);
}

' Example of posting data to a server
Dim postAddress As String = "http://example.com/api/post"
' Prepare string data for POST request
Dim stringData As String = "name=John&age=30"
Dim postData() As Byte = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(stringData)
Try
	Dim response() As Byte = client.UploadData(postAddress, "POST", postData)
	' Log response headers and content
	Console.WriteLine("Response received: " & System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(response))
Catch ex As Exception
	Console.WriteLine("Post failed: " & ex.Message)
End Try

This code snippet sends postData to the server. The data is first encoded into a byte array before sending. WebClient handles the content type header automatically for byte array data, but if you need to send data in a different format, such as JSON, you might need to set the content type header manually.

コード例

Here's a basic example of using IronPDF with C# to convert HTML content to a PDF using the WebClient class. This sample code demonstrates how to fetch HTML from a URL and then use IronPDF to generate a PDF file from that HTML.

using IronPdf;
using System.Net;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Set your IronPDF license key
        License.LicenseKey = "License-Key";
        // Create a new WebClient instance to download HTML
        using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
        {
            // Specify the URL of the HTML page
            string url = "http://example.com";
            string htmlString = client.DownloadString(url);
            // Create a new HTML to PDF converter instance
            var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer();
            // Convert HTML string to PDF
            var pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlString);
            // Save the PDF to a file
            pdf.SaveAs("output.pdf");
        }
    }
}

using IronPdf;
using System.Net;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Set your IronPDF license key
        License.LicenseKey = "License-Key";
        // Create a new WebClient instance to download HTML
        using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
        {
            // Specify the URL of the HTML page
            string url = "http://example.com";
            string htmlString = client.DownloadString(url);
            // Create a new HTML to PDF converter instance
            var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer();
            // Convert HTML string to PDF
            var pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlString);
            // Save the PDF to a file
            pdf.SaveAs("output.pdf");
        }
    }
}

Imports IronPdf
Imports System.Net

Friend Class Program
	Shared Sub Main()
		' Set your IronPDF license key
		License.LicenseKey = "License-Key"
		' Create a new WebClient instance to download HTML
		Using client As New WebClient()
			' Specify the URL of the HTML page
			Dim url As String = "http://example.com"
			Dim htmlString As String = client.DownloadString(url)
			' Create a new HTML to PDF converter instance
			Dim renderer = New ChromePdfRenderer()
			' Convert HTML string to PDF
			Dim pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlString)
			' Save the PDF to a file
			pdf.SaveAs("output.pdf")
		End Using
	End Sub
End Class

Make sure to add the IronPDF library to your project. You can typically do this via NuGet in your development environment, using a command like:

Install-Package IronPdf

Here is the generated PDF file: