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GraphQL C#（對開發人員的工作原理）

發佈 2024年6月6日

介紹

GraphQL作為構建靈活且高效的網絡服務的替代方案，已獲得了顯著普及。 GraphQL 可用於多種不同的語言，如 Java、Python、ASP .NET core。但是在這篇文章中，我們將深入探討在 C# 中使用 GraphQL，並通過實際示例探討其概念、實現和使用。此外，我們將使用IronPDF使用 GraphQL 架構定義查詢類別來創建 PDF 文件的 C#。

GraphQL 是什麼？

GraphQL 是一種 API 的查詢語言，允許客戶端精確地請求所需的數據。與 RESTful API 不同的是，GraphQL 服務允許用戶端指定他們所需的數據結構形狀，而多個端點可能會返回固定的數據結構，這使得它更加高效和靈活。

在 C# 中設置 GraphQL

要在 C# 專案中使用 GraphQL，需要 HotChocolate 函式庫，這是一個熱門的 .NET GraphQL 端點伺服器實現。

首先，安裝 Hot Chocolate NuGet 套件：

Install-Package HotChocolate.AspNetCore

建立 GraphQL 架構

GraphQL 實現模式定義了在您的 API 中可用的數據類型和操作。以下是部落格應用程式的 GraphQL 服務架構的簡單範例：

using HotChocolate.Types;
public class QueryType : ObjectType
{
    protected override void Configure(IObjectTypeDescriptor descriptor)
    {
        descriptor.Field("hello world")
            .Type<StringType>()
            .Resolve(context => "Hello, GraphQL!");
    }
}

using HotChocolate.Types;
public class QueryType : ObjectType
{
    protected override void Configure(IObjectTypeDescriptor descriptor)
    {
        descriptor.Field("hello world")
            .Type<StringType>()
            .Resolve(context => "Hello, GraphQL!");
    }
}

Imports HotChocolate.Types
Public Class QueryType
	Inherits ObjectType

	Protected Overrides Sub Configure(ByVal descriptor As IObjectTypeDescriptor)
		descriptor.Field("hello world").Type(Of StringType)().Resolve(Function(context) "Hello, GraphQL!")
	End Sub
End Class

VB C#

在此範例中，我們定義了一個hello world字段，該字段返回字串"Hello, GraphQL"。!查詢時。

創建 GraphQL 伺服器

接下來，使用 ASP.NET Core 設置 GraphQL 伺服器：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
public class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddGraphQLServer()
            .AddQueryType<QueryType>();
    }
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        app.UseRouting();
        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapGraphQL();
        });
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
public class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddGraphQLServer()
            .AddQueryType<QueryType>();
    }
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        app.UseRouting();
        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapGraphQL();
        });
    }
}

Imports Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder
Imports Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting
Imports Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
Public Class Startup
	Public Sub ConfigureServices(ByVal services As IServiceCollection)
		services.AddGraphQLServer().AddQueryType(Of QueryType)()
	End Sub
	Public Sub Configure(ByVal app As IApplicationBuilder, ByVal env As IWebHostEnvironment)
		app.UseRouting()
		app.UseEndpoints(Sub(endpoints)
			endpoints.MapGraphQL()
		End Sub)
	End Sub
End Class

VB C#

從 C# 查詢 GraphQL

現在，讓我們看看如何使用 GraphQL.Client NuGet 套件從 C# 客戶端查詢此 GraphQL API：

using GraphQL.Client;
using GraphQL.Client.Http;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
// query class
public class query
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        using var graphQLClient = new GraphQLHttpClient(new GraphQLHttpClientOptions
        {
            EndPoint = new Uri("http://localhost:5000/graphql")
        });
        var schema = new GraphQLRequest
        {
            Query = @"
                {
                    hello world
                }"
        };
        var response = await graphQLClient.SendQueryAsync<dynamic>(schema);
        Console.WriteLine(response.Data.hello);
    }
}

using GraphQL.Client;
using GraphQL.Client.Http;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
// query class
public class query
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        using var graphQLClient = new GraphQLHttpClient(new GraphQLHttpClientOptions
        {
            EndPoint = new Uri("http://localhost:5000/graphql")
        });
        var schema = new GraphQLRequest
        {
            Query = @"
                {
                    hello world
                }"
        };
        var response = await graphQLClient.SendQueryAsync<dynamic>(schema);
        Console.WriteLine(response.Data.hello);
    }
}

'INSTANT VB NOTE: 'Option Strict Off' is used here since dynamic typing is used:
Option Strict Off

Imports GraphQL.Client
Imports GraphQL.Client.Http
Imports System
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
' query class
Public Class query
	Public Shared Async Function Main() As Task
		Dim graphQLClient = New GraphQLHttpClient(New GraphQLHttpClientOptions With {.EndPoint = New Uri("http://localhost:5000/graphql")})
		Dim schema = New GraphQLRequest With {.Query = "
                {
                    hello world
                }"}
'INSTANT VB NOTE: In the following line, Instant VB substituted 'Object' for 'dynamic' - this will work in VB with Option Strict Off:
		Dim response = Await graphQLClient.SendQueryAsync(Of Object)(schema)
		Console.WriteLine(response.Data.hello)
	End Function
End Class

VB C#

GraphQL C# 提供了一種強大而靈活的方式來設計 API，並且有了像 HotChocolate 這樣的庫，將 GraphQL 後端整合到您的 C# 應用程式中變得簡單明瞭。通過定義架構和設置伺服器，您可以通過 GraphQL API 來暴露您的數據，並從 C# 客戶端高效地查詢數據。

輸出

GraphQL C#（對開發人員的運作方式）：圖 1 - 執行前述代碼的控制台輸出

IronPDF 在 C# 中的介紹

IronPDF是一個多功能的 C# 程式庫，讓您可以輕鬆地創建、編輯和操作 PDF 文件。在本節中，我們將介紹 IronPDF 並演示如何將其與 GraphQL 結合使用以生成動態 PDF 報告。

IronPDF 在其方面表現出色HTML 轉換為 PDF 功能，保留所有佈局和樣式。它允許從網頁內容創建 PDF，非常適合報告、發票和文檔。 HTML 文件、網址和 HTML 字串可以無縫轉換為 PDF。

using IronPdf;

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer();

        // 1. Convert HTML String to PDF
        var htmlContent = "<h1>Hello, IronPDF!</h1><p>This is a PDF from an HTML string.</p>";
        var pdfFromHtmlString = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlContent);
        pdfFromHtmlString.SaveAs("HTMLStringToPDF.pdf");

        // 2. Convert HTML File to PDF
        var htmlFilePath = "path_to_your_html_file.html"; // Specify the path to your HTML file
        var pdfFromHtmlFile = renderer.RenderHtmlFileAsPdf(htmlFilePath);
        pdfFromHtmlFile.SaveAs("HTMLFileToPDF.pdf");

        // 3. Convert URL to PDF
        var url = "http://ironpdf.com"; // Specify the URL
        var pdfFromUrl = renderer.RenderUrlAsPdf(url);
        pdfFromUrl.SaveAs("URLToPDF.pdf");
    }
}

using IronPdf;

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer();

        // 1. Convert HTML String to PDF
        var htmlContent = "<h1>Hello, IronPDF!</h1><p>This is a PDF from an HTML string.</p>";
        var pdfFromHtmlString = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlContent);
        pdfFromHtmlString.SaveAs("HTMLStringToPDF.pdf");

        // 2. Convert HTML File to PDF
        var htmlFilePath = "path_to_your_html_file.html"; // Specify the path to your HTML file
        var pdfFromHtmlFile = renderer.RenderHtmlFileAsPdf(htmlFilePath);
        pdfFromHtmlFile.SaveAs("HTMLFileToPDF.pdf");

        // 3. Convert URL to PDF
        var url = "http://ironpdf.com"; // Specify the URL
        var pdfFromUrl = renderer.RenderUrlAsPdf(url);
        pdfFromUrl.SaveAs("URLToPDF.pdf");
    }
}

Imports IronPdf

Friend Class Program
	Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
		Dim renderer = New ChromePdfRenderer()

		' 1. Convert HTML String to PDF
		Dim htmlContent = "<h1>Hello, IronPDF!</h1><p>This is a PDF from an HTML string.</p>"
		Dim pdfFromHtmlString = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlContent)
		pdfFromHtmlString.SaveAs("HTMLStringToPDF.pdf")

		' 2. Convert HTML File to PDF
		Dim htmlFilePath = "path_to_your_html_file.html" ' Specify the path to your HTML file
		Dim pdfFromHtmlFile = renderer.RenderHtmlFileAsPdf(htmlFilePath)
		pdfFromHtmlFile.SaveAs("HTMLFileToPDF.pdf")

		' 3. Convert URL to PDF
		Dim url = "http://ironpdf.com" ' Specify the URL
		Dim pdfFromUrl = renderer.RenderUrlAsPdf(url)
		pdfFromUrl.SaveAs("URLToPDF.pdf")
	End Sub
End Class

VB C#

安裝 IronPDF

要開始使用 IronPDF，請安裝 NuGet 套件：

Install-Package IronPdf

使用 IronPDF 生成包含 GraphQL 数据的 PDF

讓我們創建一份 PDF 報告，從我們的 GraphQL API 中獲取用戶數據，並以格式化的方式顯示出來。

範例

using IronPdf;
using GraphQL.Client;
using GraphQL.Client.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System;
public class PdfGenerator
{
    public async Task GeneratePdfAsync()
    {
        var graphQLClient = new GraphQLHttpClient(new GraphQLHttpClientOptions
        {
            EndPoint = new Uri("http://localhost:5000/graphql")
        });
        // graphql queries & graphql requests
        var query = new GraphQLRequest 
        {
            Query = @"
                {
                    hello world
                }"
        };
        var response = await graphQLClient.SendQueryAsync<dynamic>(query);
        var helloMessage = response.Data.hello.ToString();
        var htmlContent = $@"
            <html>
            <head><title>GraphQL Report</title></head>
            <body>
                <h1>GraphQL Report</h1>
                <p>{helloMessage}</p>
            </body>
            </html>";
        var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer();
        var pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlContent);
        pdf.SaveAs("GraphQLReport.pdf");
    }
}

using IronPdf;
using GraphQL.Client;
using GraphQL.Client.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System;
public class PdfGenerator
{
    public async Task GeneratePdfAsync()
    {
        var graphQLClient = new GraphQLHttpClient(new GraphQLHttpClientOptions
        {
            EndPoint = new Uri("http://localhost:5000/graphql")
        });
        // graphql queries & graphql requests
        var query = new GraphQLRequest 
        {
            Query = @"
                {
                    hello world
                }"
        };
        var response = await graphQLClient.SendQueryAsync<dynamic>(query);
        var helloMessage = response.Data.hello.ToString();
        var htmlContent = $@"
            <html>
            <head><title>GraphQL Report</title></head>
            <body>
                <h1>GraphQL Report</h1>
                <p>{helloMessage}</p>
            </body>
            </html>";
        var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer();
        var pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlContent);
        pdf.SaveAs("GraphQLReport.pdf");
    }
}

'INSTANT VB NOTE: 'Option Strict Off' is used here since dynamic typing is used:
Option Strict Off

Imports IronPdf
Imports GraphQL.Client
Imports GraphQL.Client.Http
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Imports System
Public Class PdfGenerator
	Public Async Function GeneratePdfAsync() As Task
		Dim graphQLClient = New GraphQLHttpClient(New GraphQLHttpClientOptions With {.EndPoint = New Uri("http://localhost:5000/graphql")})
		' graphql queries & graphql requests
		Dim query As New GraphQLRequest With {.Query = "
                {
                    hello world
                }"}
'INSTANT VB NOTE: In the following line, Instant VB substituted 'Object' for 'dynamic' - this will work in VB with Option Strict Off:
		Dim response = Await graphQLClient.SendQueryAsync(Of Object)(query)
		Dim helloMessage = response.Data.hello.ToString()
		Dim htmlContent = $"
            <html>
            <head><title>GraphQL Report</title></head>
            <body>
                <h1>GraphQL Report</h1>
                <p>{helloMessage}</p>
            </body>
            </html>"
		Dim renderer = New ChromePdfRenderer()
		Dim pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlContent)
		pdf.SaveAs("GraphQLReport.pdf")
	End Function
End Class

VB C#

在此範例中，我們使用 GraphQL 客戶端從 GraphQL API 獲取「hello world」訊息。接著，我們構建一個包含此消息的 HTML 模板，然後使用 IronPDF 的 ChromePdfRenderer 將這個 HTML 轉換為 PDF 檔案。