C# AES 加密（開發者如何理解其工作原理）

C# 中的 AES 工作原理

C# 中的 AES 加密演算法是 System.Security.Cryptography 命名空間的一部分。 這個命名空間包含 AES 類，讓我們可以建立 AES 實例，指定金鑰大小、密碼模式和填滿模式，然後使用金鑰對資料進行加密和解密。

若要在 C# 中使用 AES，請依照下列基本步驟操作：

1. 使用Aes.Create()建立 AES 類別的實例。
2. 設定金鑰、初始化向量 (IV) 和其他相關參數，如加密模式。
3. 使用 ICryptoTransform 介面加密資料並將其寫入 MemoryStream。
4. 使用相同的金鑰和 IV 對資料進行解密。

讓我們用 C# 建立一個基本的加密和解密程式。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

class Program
{
    // Declare a static byte array for encrypted data
    public static byte[] encryptedData;

    // Main method to demonstrate encryption and decryption
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // String plaintext to be encrypted
        string plaintext = "This is some sensitive data!";
        string key = "abcdefghijklmnop"; // 128-bit key (16 characters)

        // Encrypt the plaintext
        string ciphertext = Encrypt(plaintext, key);
        Console.WriteLine("Encrypted Data: " + ciphertext);

        // Decrypt the ciphertext
        string decryptedData = Decrypt(ciphertext, key);
        Console.WriteLine("Decrypted Data: " + decryptedData);
    }

    // Method to encrypt data
    public static string Encrypt(string plaintext, string key)
    {
        // Create a new instance of the AES encryption algorithm
        using (Aes aes = Aes.Create())
        {
            aes.Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);
            aes.IV = new byte[16]; // Initialization vector (IV)

            // Create an encryptor to perform the stream transform
            ICryptoTransform encryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);

            // Create the streams used for encryption
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                // Create a CryptoStream using the encryptor
                using (CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(ms, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                {
                    using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(cs))
                    {
                        sw.Write(plaintext);
                    }
                }
                // Store the encrypted data in the public static byte array
                encryptedData = ms.ToArray();
                return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptedData);
            }
        }
    }

    // Method to decrypt data
    public static string Decrypt(string ciphertext, string key)
    {
        using (Aes aes = Aes.Create())
        {
            aes.Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);
            aes.IV = new byte[16]; // Initialization vector (IV)

            // Create a decryptor to perform the stream transform
            ICryptoTransform decryptor = aes.CreateDecryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);

            // Create the streams used for decryption
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Convert.FromBase64String(ciphertext)))
            {
                using (CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(ms, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read))
                {
                    using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(cs))
                    {
                        return sr.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

class Program
{
    // Declare a static byte array for encrypted data
    public static byte[] encryptedData;

    // Main method to demonstrate encryption and decryption
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // String plaintext to be encrypted
        string plaintext = "This is some sensitive data!";
        string key = "abcdefghijklmnop"; // 128-bit key (16 characters)

        // Encrypt the plaintext
        string ciphertext = Encrypt(plaintext, key);
        Console.WriteLine("Encrypted Data: " + ciphertext);

        // Decrypt the ciphertext
        string decryptedData = Decrypt(ciphertext, key);
        Console.WriteLine("Decrypted Data: " + decryptedData);
    }

    // Method to encrypt data
    public static string Encrypt(string plaintext, string key)
    {
        // Create a new instance of the AES encryption algorithm
        using (Aes aes = Aes.Create())
        {
            aes.Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);
            aes.IV = new byte[16]; // Initialization vector (IV)

            // Create an encryptor to perform the stream transform
            ICryptoTransform encryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);

            // Create the streams used for encryption
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                // Create a CryptoStream using the encryptor
                using (CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(ms, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                {
                    using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(cs))
                    {
                        sw.Write(plaintext);
                    }
                }
                // Store the encrypted data in the public static byte array
                encryptedData = ms.ToArray();
                return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptedData);
            }
        }
    }

    // Method to decrypt data
    public static string Decrypt(string ciphertext, string key)
    {
        using (Aes aes = Aes.Create())
        {
            aes.Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);
            aes.IV = new byte[16]; // Initialization vector (IV)

            // Create a decryptor to perform the stream transform
            ICryptoTransform decryptor = aes.CreateDecryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);

            // Create the streams used for decryption
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Convert.FromBase64String(ciphertext)))
            {
                using (CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(ms, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read))
                {
                    using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(cs))
                    {
                        return sr.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

C# AES 加密（開發者如何運作）：圖 1 - 使用記憶體流進行加密和解密輸出

程式碼解釋

1. Aes.Create() ：這將建立一個新的 AES 加密演算法實例。
2. aes.Key ：用於加密和解密的金鑰。 它必須是有效大小，例如 128 位元（16 位元組）、192 位元或 256 位元。
3. aes.IV ：初始化向量（IV）用於隨機化加密過程。 為了簡單起見，本例中使用零作為隱含波動率。
4. MemoryStream：這使我們能夠以位元組流的形式處理加密資料。
5. CryptoStream：它轉換資料流（加密或解密）。

將 IronPDF 與 AES 加密集成

var htmlContent = "<h1>Confidential</h1><p>This is sensitive data.</p>";
var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer();
var pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlContent);
pdf.SaveAs(@"C:\Reports\ConfidentialReport.pdf");

var htmlContent = "<h1>Confidential</h1><p>This is sensitive data.</p>";
var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer();
var pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(htmlContent);
pdf.SaveAs(@"C:\Reports\ConfidentialReport.pdf");

byte[] pdfBytes = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\Reports\ConfidentialReport.pdf");
using (Aes aes = Aes.Create())
{
    aes.Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("abcdefghijklmnop");
    aes.IV = new byte[16];
    using (var encryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV))
    using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
    {
        using (var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
        {
            cs.Write(pdfBytes, 0, pdfBytes.Length);
        }
        File.WriteAllBytes(@"C:\Reports\ConfidentialReport.encrypted", ms.ToArray());
    }
}

byte[] pdfBytes = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\Reports\ConfidentialReport.pdf");
using (Aes aes = Aes.Create())
{
    aes.Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("abcdefghijklmnop");
    aes.IV = new byte[16];
    using (var encryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV))
    using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
    {
        using (var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
        {
            cs.Write(pdfBytes, 0, pdfBytes.Length);
        }
        File.WriteAllBytes(@"C:\Reports\ConfidentialReport.encrypted", ms.ToArray());
    }
}