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C# 中的日期時間對象(開發人員如何使用)

喬迪·巴迪亞
喬迪·巴迪亞
2024年4月3日
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介紹

在 C# 中,DateTime 物件是處理 .NET Framework 應用程式中的日期和時間的基礎。 他們提供強大的功能集,用於操作、格式化和比較日期和時間。

本文旨在提供 C# 中 DateTime 對象的全面概述,包括其創建、操作、格式化和常見用例。 在文章結尾,我們還將探討如何IronPDFIron Software可以在 C# 應用程式中即時生成 PDF 文件。

建立 DateTime 物件

在 C# 中創建 DateTime 物件是很簡單的。 有多種建構函式可用於使用不同參數初始化 DateTime 物件:

// Current date and time
DateTime currentDateTime = DateTime.Now;
// Specific date and time
DateTime specificDateTime = new DateTime(2024, 3, 16, 10, 30, 0);
// Date only
DateTime dateOnly = DateTime.Today;
// Date and time in UTC
DateTime utcDateTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
// Current date and time
DateTime currentDateTime = DateTime.Now;
// Specific date and time
DateTime specificDateTime = new DateTime(2024, 3, 16, 10, 30, 0);
// Date only
DateTime dateOnly = DateTime.Today;
// Date and time in UTC
DateTime utcDateTime = DateTime.UtcNow;

操作 DateTime 物件

DateTime 物件提供多種方法來操作日期和時間,例如新增或減去時間間隔、提取組件以及在時區之間進行轉換。

DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
// Adding days
DateTime futureDate = now.AddDays(7);
// Subtracting hours
DateTime pastTime = now.AddHours(-3);
// Getting components
int year = now.Year;
int month = now.Month;
int day = now.Day;
int hour = now.Hour;
int minute = now.Minute;
int second = now.Second;
// Converting between time zones
DateTime utcTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
DateTime localTime = utcTime.ToLocalTime();
DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
// Adding days
DateTime futureDate = now.AddDays(7);
// Subtracting hours
DateTime pastTime = now.AddHours(-3);
// Getting components
int year = now.Year;
int month = now.Month;
int day = now.Day;
int hour = now.Hour;
int minute = now.Minute;
int second = now.Second;
// Converting between time zones
DateTime utcTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
DateTime localTime = utcTime.ToLocalTime();

格式化 DateTime 對象

DateTime 物件表示時間或日期,並可使用各種格式規範將其格式化為字串,以符合所需的格式。

DateTime dateTime = DateTime.Now;
// Standard date and time format
string standardFormat = dateTime.ToString("G");
// Custom format
string customFormat = dateTime.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm:ss");
// Format for sorting
string sortableFormat = dateTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss");
DateTime dateTime = DateTime.Now;
// Standard date and time format
string standardFormat = dateTime.ToString("G");
// Custom format
string customFormat = dateTime.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm:ss");
// Format for sorting
string sortableFormat = dateTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss");

比較 DateTime 物件

C# 提供標準比較運算符(<, >, <=, >=, ==!=)可用來直接比較兩個DateTime對象。 這些運算子比較DateTime` 物件的基礎刻度,這些刻度表示自公曆0001年1月1日的00:00:00.000以來經過的100奈秒間隔數。

以下是一個展示比較運算符用法的例子:

DateTime date1 = DateTime.Now;
DateTime date2 = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
if (date1 < date2)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is earlier than date2.");
}
else if (date1 > date2)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is later than date2.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is equal to date2.");
}
DateTime date1 = DateTime.Now;
DateTime date2 = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
if (date1 < date2)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is earlier than date2.");
}
else if (date1 > date2)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is later than date2.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is equal to date2.");
}

使用 DateTime.Compare C# 方法

除了比較運算符之外,DateTime 物件還提供用於比較這些物件之間相對值的方法。 這些方法在某些情況下提供了更多的靈活性和可讀性。 CompareTo()方法比較底層的 DateTime 物件以確定結果。

假设这两个日期处于相同的时区值。 在比較物件之後,它返回一個整數值,表示大於、小於或等於。 相同日期值返回整數值 0。

DateTime date1 = DateTime.Now;
DateTime date2 = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
int result = date1.CompareTo(date2);
if (result < 0)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is earlier than date2.");
}
else if (result > 0)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is later than date2.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is equal to date2.");
}
DateTime date1 = DateTime.Now;
DateTime date2 = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
int result = date1.CompareTo(date2);
if (result < 0)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is earlier than date2.");
}
else if (result > 0)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is later than date2.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is equal to date2.");
}

比較 DateTime 物件時的容忍誤差

要比較 DateTime 物件,尤其是在處理涉及時間間隔的計算時,由於精度可能存在差異,因此考慮容忍度是很重要的。

這可以通過比較兩個DateTime值之間的絕對差異與預定義的容差閾值來實現。

class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
DateTime date1 = DateTime.Now;
DateTime date2 = DateTime.Now.AddMilliseconds(10);
TimeSpan tolerance = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(5);
bool isEqual = Math.Abs((date1 - date2).TotalMilliseconds) <= tolerance.TotalMilliseconds;
if (isEqual)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is considered equal to date2 within the tolerance.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is not equal to date2 within the tolerance.");
}
}
}
class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
DateTime date1 = DateTime.Now;
DateTime date2 = DateTime.Now.AddMilliseconds(10);
TimeSpan tolerance = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(5);
bool isEqual = Math.Abs((date1 - date2).TotalMilliseconds) <= tolerance.TotalMilliseconds;
if (isEqual)
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is considered equal to date2 within the tolerance.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("date1 is not equal to date2 within the tolerance.");
}
}
}

處理時區和夏令時間

在 C# 中,DateTime 物件可以表示本地時間和協調世界時間 (UTC)。(協調世界時). 特別是當處理全球應用程式時,注意時區轉換是很重要的。

DateTime localTime = DateTime.Now;
DateTime utcTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
Console.WriteLine("Local Time: " + localTime);
Console.WriteLine("UTC Time: " + utcTime);
DateTime localTime = DateTime.Now;
DateTime utcTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
Console.WriteLine("Local Time: " + localTime);
Console.WriteLine("UTC Time: " + utcTime);

IronPDF 用於在 C# 中生成 PDF 文件

IronPDF 是 Iron Software 所提供的高效且易於使用的 PDF 生成庫。 我們可以使用 NuGet 套件管理器安裝它。

C# 中的日期時間物件(開發人員如何使用):圖1

NuGet\Install-Package IronPdf -Version 2024.3.4

或從 Visual Studio 如下所示

C# 中的日期時間物件(開發者指導):圖2 - 使用NuGet套件管理器安裝IronPDF

現在讓我們深入探討 PDF 的生成,來展示一個 DateTime 物件。

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("-----------Iron Software-------------");
        var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer(); // var pattern
        var content = " <h1> Iron Software is Awesome </h1> Made with IronPDF!";
        content += "<h2>Demo Datetime Objects in C#</h2>";
        // Current date and time
        content += "<h3>Current date and time</h3>";
        DateTime currentDateTime = DateTime.Now;
        content += $"<p>Current date and time: {currentDateTime:U}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Current date and time: {currentDateTime:U}");
        // Specific date and time
        content += "<h3>Specific date and time</h3>";
        DateTime specificDateTime = new DateTime(2024, 3, 16, 10, 30, 0);
        content += $"<p>Specific date and time: {specificDateTime:U}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Specific date and time: {specificDateTime:U}");
        // Date only
        content += "<h3>Date Only</h3>";
        DateTime dateOnly = DateTime.Today;
        content += $"<p>Date only: {dateOnly:U}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Date only: {dateOnly:U}");
        // Date and time in UTC
        content += "<h3>Date and time in UTC</h3>";
        DateTime utcDateTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
        content += $"<p>Date only: {dateOnly:U}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Date only: {dateOnly:U}");
        //Compare dates with Operators
        content += "<h3>Compare dates with Operators</h3>";
        DateTime date1 = DateTime.Now;
        DateTime date2 = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
        content += $"<p>Compare date1 {date1:d}, date2 {date2:d}: {CompareDates(date1, date2)}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Compare date1 {date1:U}, date2 {date2:U}: {dateOnly:U}");
        //Compare dates with Compare Method
        content += "<h3>Compare dates with Compare Method</h3>";
        content += $"<p>Compare date1 {date1:d}, date2 {date2:d}: {CompareDatesWithCompare(date1, date2)}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Compare date1 {date1:U}, date2 {date2:U}: {dateOnly:U}");
        var pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(content);
        pdf.SaveAs("outputDate.pdf"); // Saves PDF
    }
    public static string CompareDatesWithCompare(DateTime date1, DateTime date2)
    {
        int result = date1.CompareTo(date2);
        string resultString;
        if (result < 0)
        {
            resultString = "date1 is earlier than date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(resultString);
        }
        else if (result > 0)
        {
            resultString = "date1 is later than date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(resultString);
        }
        else
        {
            resultString = "date1 is equal to date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(resultString);
        }
        return resultString;
    }
    public static string CompareDates(DateTime date1, DateTime date2)
    {
        string result;
        if (CheckLessor(date1, date2))
        {
            result = "date1 is earlier than date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(result);
        }
        else if (CheckGreater(date1, date2))
        {
            result = "date1 is later than date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(result);
        }
        else
        {
            result = "date1 is equal to date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(result);
        }
        return result;
    }
    public static bool CheckGreater(DateTime date1, DateTime date2)
    {
        return date1 > date2;
    }
    public static bool CheckLessor(DateTime date1, DateTime date2)
    {
        return date1 < date2;
    }
}
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("-----------Iron Software-------------");
        var renderer = new ChromePdfRenderer(); // var pattern
        var content = " <h1> Iron Software is Awesome </h1> Made with IronPDF!";
        content += "<h2>Demo Datetime Objects in C#</h2>";
        // Current date and time
        content += "<h3>Current date and time</h3>";
        DateTime currentDateTime = DateTime.Now;
        content += $"<p>Current date and time: {currentDateTime:U}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Current date and time: {currentDateTime:U}");
        // Specific date and time
        content += "<h3>Specific date and time</h3>";
        DateTime specificDateTime = new DateTime(2024, 3, 16, 10, 30, 0);
        content += $"<p>Specific date and time: {specificDateTime:U}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Specific date and time: {specificDateTime:U}");
        // Date only
        content += "<h3>Date Only</h3>";
        DateTime dateOnly = DateTime.Today;
        content += $"<p>Date only: {dateOnly:U}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Date only: {dateOnly:U}");
        // Date and time in UTC
        content += "<h3>Date and time in UTC</h3>";
        DateTime utcDateTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
        content += $"<p>Date only: {dateOnly:U}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Date only: {dateOnly:U}");
        //Compare dates with Operators
        content += "<h3>Compare dates with Operators</h3>";
        DateTime date1 = DateTime.Now;
        DateTime date2 = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
        content += $"<p>Compare date1 {date1:d}, date2 {date2:d}: {CompareDates(date1, date2)}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Compare date1 {date1:U}, date2 {date2:U}: {dateOnly:U}");
        //Compare dates with Compare Method
        content += "<h3>Compare dates with Compare Method</h3>";
        content += $"<p>Compare date1 {date1:d}, date2 {date2:d}: {CompareDatesWithCompare(date1, date2)}</p>";
        Console.WriteLine($"Compare date1 {date1:U}, date2 {date2:U}: {dateOnly:U}");
        var pdf = renderer.RenderHtmlAsPdf(content);
        pdf.SaveAs("outputDate.pdf"); // Saves PDF
    }
    public static string CompareDatesWithCompare(DateTime date1, DateTime date2)
    {
        int result = date1.CompareTo(date2);
        string resultString;
        if (result < 0)
        {
            resultString = "date1 is earlier than date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(resultString);
        }
        else if (result > 0)
        {
            resultString = "date1 is later than date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(resultString);
        }
        else
        {
            resultString = "date1 is equal to date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(resultString);
        }
        return resultString;
    }
    public static string CompareDates(DateTime date1, DateTime date2)
    {
        string result;
        if (CheckLessor(date1, date2))
        {
            result = "date1 is earlier than date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(result);
        }
        else if (CheckGreater(date1, date2))
        {
            result = "date1 is later than date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(result);
        }
        else
        {
            result = "date1 is equal to date2.";
            Console.WriteLine(result);
        }
        return result;
    }
    public static bool CheckGreater(DateTime date1, DateTime date2)
    {
        return date1 > date2;
    }
    public static bool CheckLessor(DateTime date1, DateTime date2)
    {
        return date1 < date2;
    }
}

以下輸出顯示使用 DateTime 對象生成的 PDF:

C# 中的 `DateTime` 物件(開發人員如何使用):圖 3

IronPDF 試用許可證

IronPDF. 請提供電子郵件地址以生成授權密鑰,該密鑰將發送到您提供的電子郵件。

"IronPDF.LicenseKey": "<Your Key>"
"IronPDF.LicenseKey": "<Your Key>"

將許可證金鑰放置在 AppSettings.Json 檔案中。

結論

在 .NET 應用程式中,DateTime 物件在 C# 中提供了一個強大的方式來處理日期和時間。 他們提供廣泛的功能來創建、操作、格式化和比較日期和時間值。 理解如何有效使用 DateTime 對象對於構建可靠且精確的日期和時間功能在 C# 應用中至關重要。

通過利用 DateTime 對象的功能,開發人員可以確保他們的應用程式能夠正確處理日期和時間,無論其遇到的具體需求或情境如何。

無論是計算持續時間、排程任務,還是向用戶顯示日期和時間,DateTime 對象在許多與 C# 程式設計中的日期和時間管理相關的方面都起著關鍵作用。

喬迪·巴迪亞
軟體工程師
Jordi 最擅長 Python、C# 和 C++,當他不在 Iron Software 發揮技能時,他會進行遊戲編程。他負責產品測試、產品開發和研究,為持續產品改進增添了巨大的價值。多樣化的經驗使他感到挑戰和投入,他說這是與 Iron Software 合作的最喜歡的方面之一。Jordi 在佛羅里達州邁阿密長大,並在佛羅里達大學學習計算機科學和統計學。
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