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Java Merge PDF files into Single PDF

PDF is a Portable Document Format, which is an electronic form of new document containing text and graphics. It is an independent format which displays the same content and layout across all operating systems, devices or software applications.

Java is a high-level programming language which, like PDF data, is also platform independent. This makes it easy to move between different computer systems. However, working with source PDF files and input stream can be a challenging task in Java. IronPDF - A Java Library, is well suited to manipulate and work with existing PDF files easily.

In this How-To Guide, you'll learn how to install the IronPDF Java library and merge multiple PDF documents.

How to Merge PDF Files in Java

  1. Install Java library to perform merge on PDF files
  2. Utilize renderHtmlAsPdf method to generate multiple PDFs
  3. Merge PDFs with merge method in Java
  4. Use saveAs method to save the merged PDF document
  5. Merge more than two PDFs by creating List of PDF objects and use merge method

IronPDF: Java Library

IronPDF is a Java library for creating, reading and editing single or multiple PDF documents. It allows its users to create all the PDF files from scratch, including the content appearance using HTML rendering, as well as metadata such as title and author name. The library also allows to merge multiple PDF files, making a lot easy to combine the content into one PDF destination file path. It does not require any third-party libraries, external frameworks or platform integration for working with PDF files or PDF iterator object. It also provides Cross Platform Support. It is designed specifically for Java 8+, Kotlin, and Scala running on Windows, Linux and Cloud platforms.

Prerequisites

To merge multiple PDF files, you will need the following:

  1. Any Java supported IDE (Netbeans, Eclipse, IntelliJ, etc). We will be using IntelliJ here to merge multiple PDFs.
  2. A Maven project running in IDE

Install IronPDF

The first thing we need, to merge PDF files, is IronPDF Java library. There are three ways to download and install IronPDF in any project.

  1. You can add the IronPDF dependency in the pom.xml file of a Maven project and use the maven command-line tool or an IDE to download the library directly from the central repository.
  2. Another way is to visit Maven website and download the latest version of IronPDF. You can download it from here directly.
  3. You can also visit IronPDF website to download directly through this link.

In each case, the following dependency code is added to the pom.xml file.

<dependency>
   <groupId>com.ironsoftware</groupId>
   <artifactId>com.ironsoftware</artifactId>
   <version>2024.9.1</version>
</dependency>
XML

One more dependency required to merge PDFs is Slf4j-simple dependency. You can also add it to the pom.xml file using the following code or you can visit the Maven website here[here].

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.5</version>
</dependency>
XML
Java Merge PDFs - Figure 1: pom.xml dependencies

pom.xml dependencies

The following import statements are also required in the main.java file, to use IronPDF functions for merging PDF files.

import com.ironsoftware.ironpdf.PdfDocument;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
JAVA

Merge Two PDF Source Files in Java using IronPDF

To merge PDF files, first we need to create PDF files and then convert them to a final merged PDF file. The following code sample will do just that:

String htmlA = "<p> [PDF_A] </p>"
        + "<p> [PDF_A] 1st Page </p>"
        + "<div style = 'page-break-after: always;' ></div>"
        + "<p> [PDF_A] 2nd Page</p>";
String htmlB = "<p> [PDF_B] </p>"
        + "<p> [PDF_B] 1st Page </p>"
        + "<div style = 'page-break-after: always;' ></div>"
        + "<p> [PDF_B] 2nd Page</p>";
//document and PdfReader objects
PdfDocument pdfA = PdfDocument.renderHtmlAsPdf(htmlA);
PdfDocument pdfB = PdfDocument.renderHtmlAsPdf(htmlB);
PdfDocument merged = PdfDocument.merge(pdfA, pdfB);
JAVA

The above code creates two strings containing HTML markup. The HTML content for each variable spans over two pages. Then, IronPDF's renderHtmlAsPdf method is called and both HTML strings are converted to individual PDF documents.

The method to merge PDF files together is PdfDocument.merge. The method is called above to merge the two PDF documents together into a single PDF document. The result is a new PdfDocument produced by appending the content of the second PdfDocument to the end of the first one.

Save Merged Multiple PDF Document

To save the merged PDF file to your desired destination file path, simply use the one-liner below:

merged.saveAs(Paths.get("assets/merged.pdf"));
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The output of the merged PDF file is shown below:

Java Merge PDFs - Figure 2: Merge Multiple PDF Documents

Merge Multiple PDF Documents

Merge More Than Two PDF Files

To merge more than two PDF documents, first we will create a collection containing the required PdfDocument objects, and then we will pass the list as a single argument to the PdfDocument.merge method. The code goes as follows:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public static void main(String [] args) throws IOException {
    String htmlA = "<p> [PDF_A] </p>"
            + "<p> [PDF_A] 1st Page </p>"
            + "<div style = 'page-break-after: always;' ></div>"
            + "<p> [PDF_A] 2nd Page</p>";
    String htmlB = "<p> [PDF_B] </p>"
            + "<p> [PDF_B] 1st Page </p>"
            + "<div style = 'page-break-after: always;' ></div>"
            + "<p> [PDF_B] 2nd Page</p>";
    String htmlC = "<p> [PDF_C] </p>"
            + "<p> [PDF_C] 1st Page </p>"
            + "<div style = 'page-break-after: always;' ></div>"
            + "<p> [PDF_C] 2nd Page</p>";
    String htmlD = "<p> [PDF_D] </p>"
            + "<p> [PDF_D] 1st Page </p>"
            + "<div style = 'page-break-after: always;' ></div>"
            + "<p> [PDF_D] 2nd Page</p>";

    PdfDocument pdfA = PdfDocument.renderHtmlAsPdf(htmlA);
    PdfDocument pdfB = PdfDocument.renderHtmlAsPdf(htmlB);
    PdfDocument pdfC = PdfDocument.renderHtmlAsPdf(htmlC);
    PdfDocument pdfD = PdfDocument.renderHtmlAsPdf(htmlD);

    List<PdfDocument> pdfs = new ArrayList<>();
    pdfs.add(pdfA);
    pdfs.add(pdfB);
    pdfs.add(pdfC);
    pdfs.add(pdfD);

    PdfDocument merged = PdfDocument.merge(pdfs);

    merged.saveAs(Paths.get("assets/more_than_two_merged.pdf"));
}
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Four PDF documents are created above using the HTML render method. Next, we populate a new List collection with each of the PDFs, and then pass this list to the merge method as a single argument. As a result, these PDFs are merged into single PDF document.

Java Merge PDFs - Figure 3: More Than Two Merged PDf Files

More Than Two Merged PDF Files

Conclusion

This article explained how to merge PDF files together using IronPDF for Java.

We first covered how to install IronPDF for Java using Maven, and then we shown a simple way to produce PDFs using the HTML rendering methods. Afterward, we saw how to merge two or more PDFs into a single PDF file.

IronPDF performs very well and carries out all operations with speed and accuracy. It is an excellent option for working with PDF files in Java. Moreover, it is based on IronPDF for .NET capabilities.

The IronEngine for Java allows HTML/URL/String to PDF conversion with open standard document types such as HTML, CSS, JS, JPG, and PNG. It produces pixel-perfect PDF documents and it is built from the latest technology.

You can get more information about how to use IronPDF for Java from our Code Examples pages.

IronPDF is free for development and can be licensed for commercial use. To get more information about the license, visit the following link.