如何在 C# 中讀取 Verified PDF 簽名中的簽署者憑證(X.509、eIDAS、憑證鏈)
一份合約進入您的稽核流程。該合約已進行數位簽署,簽名有效,而您的合規團隊需要以下資訊:簽署者是誰、當日上午其憑證是否有效,以及簽發的 CA 是否與您的受信任清單相符?您可以提取原始簽名位元組、解析 DER 格式,並手動追蹤憑證鏈。 或者,您可以向 VerifiedSignature 物件查詢其 SignerCertificate,並將回傳的結果作為屬性讀取。
這正是 VerifiedSignature 上的 SignerCertificate 和 CertificateChain 屬性所設計的目的。 從 PdfDocument.GetVerifiedSignatures() 傳回的資訊,會揭露簽署者的完整 X.509 身分、簽發的 CA、有效期限、SHA-256 拇指印、原始 DER 位元組,以及所有直至根憑證的中間憑證。 這正是您為符合 eIDAS 規範、憑證固定、稽核追蹤及信任鏈驗證所需之 API 介面。
本指南將帶您逐步了解三類憑證檢查:
- 標準 X.509 詳細資訊:身分屬性、完整識別名稱、有效期範圍,以及用於
X509Certificate2互通的原始 DER 位元組。 - eIDAS 及受監管產業領域:從
SubjectSerialNumber提取簽署者的國民身分證號碼,並讀取如2.5.4.97這類數值 OID 作為 eIDAS 組織識別碼。 - 信任鏈驗證:SHA-256 拇指印錨定,並沿著從簽署者到根憑證授權機構的完整鏈路進行驗證。
立即開始 30 天試用,在您的驗證流程中測試憑證檢查功能。
快速入門:從已簽署的 PDF 讀取簽署者憑證
在已載入的 PDF 上呼叫 GetVerifiedSignatures,並直接從結果中讀取簽署者的憑證屬性。
-
using NuGet 套件管理員安裝 https://www.nuget.org/packages/IronPdf
PM > Install-Package IronPdf -
請複製並執行此程式碼片段。
var sig = PdfDocument.FromFile("signed.pdf").GetVerifiedSignatures().First(); var cert = sig.SignerCertificate; Console.WriteLine($"{cert?.CommonName} ({cert?.Organization}) valid until {cert?.NotAfter}"); -
部署至您的生產環境進行測試
立即透過免費試用,在您的專案中開始使用 IronPDF
簡化工作流程(3 步驟)
- 從 NuGet 下載 IronPDF
- 載入已簽署的 PDF 檔案,並呼叫
GetVerifiedSignatures()方法以取得驗證簽名物件的清單 - 讀取
sig.SignerCertificate以確認身分與有效性,或遍歷sig.CertificateChain以檢視完整的信任鏈
如何提取簽署者的國民身分證號或個人身分證號?
SubjectSerialNumber 屬性會從憑證的"主體 DN"中傳回 SERIALNUMBER OID 的值。 在受監管的產業(例如 eIDAS 合格憑證、銀行業、政府核發的數位身分識別)中,此欄位會填入簽署者的國民身分證號碼、稅務識別號碼或個人識別號碼。 這並非憑證本身的序號; 即 CertificateSerialNumber。
:path=/static-assets/pdf/content-code-examples/how-to/verify-pdf-signatures-serial-number.cs
using IronPdf;
using IronPdf.Signing.Inspection;
var pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("eidas-signed-invoice.pdf");
foreach (var sig in pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures())
{
var cert = sig.SignerCertificate;
if (cert is null) continue;
// Subject DN SERIALNUMBER OID (national ID, tax ID, etc.)
Console.WriteLine($"Signer Identity (SERIALNUMBER): {cert.SubjectSerialNumber ?? "not present"}");
// Certificate's own serial from the issuing CA
Console.WriteLine($"Certificate Serial (CA-issued): {cert.CertificateSerialNumber}");
}
Imports IronPdf
Imports IronPdf.Signing.Inspection
Dim pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("eidas-signed-invoice.pdf")
For Each sig In pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures()
Dim cert = sig.SignerCertificate
If cert Is Nothing Then Continue For
' Subject DN SERIALNUMBER OID (national ID, tax ID, etc.)
Console.WriteLine($"Signer Identity (SERIALNUMBER): {If(cert.SubjectSerialNumber, "not present")}")
' Certificate's own serial from the issuing CA
Console.WriteLine($"Certificate Serial (CA-issued): {cert.CertificateSerialNumber}")
Next
SubjectSerialNumber 會告訴您誰簽署了該文件(個人或組織識別碼,例如嵌入於主體 DN 中的國民身分證號或稅號)。 CertificateSerialNumber 會告訴您使用了哪張憑證; (這是簽發憑證授權機構為撤銷清單和稽核日誌所指派的唯一序列號。如何存取便利性識別屬性?
SignerCertificateInfo 將最常使用的"主體 DN"欄位直接作為屬性公開,因此您無需自行解析完整的 DN 字串。
讀取簽署者的姓名與所屬機構
Country 及 Email 這些屬性涵蓋了大多數身分識別工作流程最常首先使用的功能。
:path=/static-assets/pdf/content-code-examples/how-to/verify-pdf-signatures-identity-common.cs
using IronPdf;
using IronPdf.Signing.Inspection;
var pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("signed-agreement.pdf");
foreach (var sig in pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures())
{
var cert = sig.SignerCertificate;
if (cert is null) continue;
// Common Subject DN fields exposed directly as properties
Console.WriteLine($"CommonName (CN): {cert.CommonName}");
Console.WriteLine($"Organization (O): {cert.Organization}");
Console.WriteLine($"Country (C): {cert.Country}");
Console.WriteLine($"Email: {cert.Email}");
}
Imports IronPdf
Imports IronPdf.Signing.Inspection
Dim pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("signed-agreement.pdf")
For Each sig In pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures()
Dim cert = sig.SignerCertificate
If cert Is Nothing Then Continue For
' Common Subject DN fields exposed directly as properties
Console.WriteLine($"CommonName (CN): {cert.CommonName}")
Console.WriteLine($"Organization (O): {cert.Organization}")
Console.WriteLine($"Country (C): {cert.Country}")
Console.WriteLine($"Email: {cert.Email}")
Next
Email 屬性會先檢查主體 DN 是否包含 emailAddress OID。 若未存在,則會回退至"主體替代名稱"(Subject Alternative Name, SAN)rfc822Name 擴充名稱。 Country 屬性會傳回 ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 兩字母代碼(例如"DE"、"US"、"FR")。 若憑證中不存在對應的欄位,所有便利屬性皆會回傳 null。
當您需要完整資訊時,請閱讀完整的 DN
針對稽核記錄、下游解析或合規報告,SubjectDN 與 IssuerDN 會返回完整的"識別名稱"字串。
:path=/static-assets/pdf/content-code-examples/how-to/verify-pdf-signatures-identity-full-dn.cs
using IronPdf;
using IronPdf.Signing.Inspection;
var pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("signed-agreement.pdf");
foreach (var sig in pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures())
{
var cert = sig.SignerCertificate;
if (cert is null) continue;
// Full DN strings for audit logging or downstream parsing
Console.WriteLine($"Full Subject DN: {cert.SubjectDN}");
Console.WriteLine($"Full Issuer DN: {cert.IssuerDN}");
}
Imports IronPdf
Imports IronPdf.Signing.Inspection
Dim pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("signed-agreement.pdf")
For Each sig In pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures()
Dim cert = sig.SignerCertificate
If cert Is Nothing Then Continue For
' Full DN strings for audit logging or downstream parsing
Console.WriteLine($"Full Subject DN: {cert.SubjectDN}")
Console.WriteLine($"Full Issuer DN: {cert.IssuerDN}")
Next
如何擷取任意的主體與發行者欄位?
GetSubjectField(string) 和 GetIssuerField(string) 方法皆可接受簡稱或數值 OID。 這些字元不區分大小寫,若字段不存在則會返回 null。
支援的簡稱:CN, O, OU, C, L, ST, E, SERIALNUMBER, SURNAME, T, GIVENNAME, UID, ORGANIZATIONIDENTIFIER.
讀取任何主題領域(包括 eIDAS OID)
傳遞一個簡短名稱(例如 "OU")或一個數值 OID(例如 "2.5.4.97",即 eIDAS 組織識別碼),即可從主體 DN 中擷取任何欄位。
:path=/static-assets/pdf/content-code-examples/how-to/verify-pdf-signatures-field-subject.cs
using IronPdf;
using IronPdf.Signing.Inspection;
var pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("eidas-contract.pdf");
foreach (var sig in pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures())
{
var cert = sig.SignerCertificate;
if (cert is null) continue;
// Short-name lookups (case-insensitive)
string? orgUnit = cert.GetSubjectField("OU");
string? surname = cert.GetSubjectField("SURNAME");
string? givenName = cert.GetSubjectField("GIVENNAME");
string? title = cert.GetSubjectField("T");
// Numeric OID lookup (eIDAS organizationIdentifier)
string? orgId = cert.GetSubjectField("2.5.4.97");
Console.WriteLine($"Name: {givenName} {surname} ({title}), OU: {orgUnit}");
Console.WriteLine($"eIDAS Org ID (2.5.4.97): {orgId ?? "not present"}");
}
Imports IronPdf
Imports IronPdf.Signing.Inspection
Dim pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("eidas-contract.pdf")
For Each sig In pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures()
Dim cert = sig.SignerCertificate
If cert Is Nothing Then Continue For
' Short-name lookups (case-insensitive)
Dim orgUnit As String = cert.GetSubjectField("OU")
Dim surname As String = cert.GetSubjectField("SURNAME")
Dim givenName As String = cert.GetSubjectField("GIVENNAME")
Dim title As String = cert.GetSubjectField("T")
' Numeric OID lookup (eIDAS organizationIdentifier)
Dim orgId As String = cert.GetSubjectField("2.5.4.97")
Console.WriteLine($"Name: {givenName} {surname} ({title}), OU: {orgUnit}")
Console.WriteLine($"eIDAS Org ID (2.5.4.97): {If(orgId, "not present")}")
Next
數值 OID 查詢對於 eIDAS 及受監管產業的憑證至關重要,此類憑證內嵌了組織識別碼、專業資格,或標準短名稱未涵蓋的特定管轄區欄位。
讀取發行者的欄位
GetIssuerField 針對簽發憑證授權機構(CA)的識別名稱,其運作方式相同。 這對於信任驗證、CA 報告,以及根據簽發機構對簽名進行分組非常有用。
:path=/static-assets/pdf/content-code-examples/how-to/verify-pdf-signatures-field-issuer.cs
using IronPdf;
using IronPdf.Signing.Inspection;
var pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("eidas-contract.pdf");
foreach (var sig in pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures())
{
var cert = sig.SignerCertificate;
if (cert is null) continue;
// GetIssuerField works the same way as GetSubjectField
string? issuerCN = cert.GetIssuerField("CN");
string? issuerO = cert.GetIssuerField("O");
string? issuerCountry = cert.GetIssuerField("C");
Console.WriteLine($"Issued by: {issuerCN} ({issuerO}, {issuerCountry})");
}
Imports IronPdf
Imports IronPdf.Signing.Inspection
Dim pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("eidas-contract.pdf")
For Each sig In pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures()
Dim cert = sig.SignerCertificate
If cert Is Nothing Then Continue For
' GetIssuerField works the same way as GetSubjectField
Dim issuerCN As String = cert.GetIssuerField("CN")
Dim issuerO As String = cert.GetIssuerField("O")
Dim issuerCountry As String = cert.GetIssuerField("C")
Console.WriteLine($"Issued by: {issuerCN} ({issuerO}, {issuerCountry})")
Next
如何檢查憑證的有效性?
SignerCertificateInfo 提供兩個有效性檢查輔助函式:
IsExpired若DateTime.UtcNow > NotAfter,則返回true。- 若給定時間戳記落在
NotAfter時間窗內,IsValidAt(DateTime)將返回true。 典型的應用情境是確認憑證在簽署當下是否有效。
:path=/static-assets/pdf/content-code-examples/how-to/verify-pdf-signatures-validity.cs
using IronPdf;
using IronPdf.Signing.Inspection;
var pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("archived-contract.pdf");
foreach (var sig in pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures())
{
var cert = sig.SignerCertificate;
if (cert is null) continue;
Console.WriteLine($"Valid from: {cert.NotBefore}");
Console.WriteLine($"Valid until: {cert.NotAfter}");
Console.WriteLine($"Expired now: {cert.IsExpired}");
// Confirm certificate was valid when the document was signed
if (sig.SigningDate.HasValue)
{
bool validAtSigning = cert.IsValidAt(sig.SigningDate.Value);
Console.WriteLine($"Valid at signing time ({sig.SigningDate.Value}): {validAtSigning}");
}
}
Imports IronPdf
Imports IronPdf.Signing.Inspection
Dim pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("archived-contract.pdf")
For Each sig In pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures()
Dim cert = sig.SignerCertificate
If cert Is Nothing Then Continue For
Console.WriteLine($"Valid from: {cert.NotBefore}")
Console.WriteLine($"Valid until: {cert.NotAfter}")
Console.WriteLine($"Expired now: {cert.IsExpired}")
' Confirm certificate was valid when the document was signed
If sig.SigningDate.HasValue Then
Dim validAtSigning As Boolean = cert.IsValidAt(sig.SigningDate.Value)
Console.WriteLine($"Valid at signing time ({sig.SigningDate.Value}): {validAtSigning}")
End If
Next
IsExpired 會傳回 false(而非 true),當無法從憑證中提取有效期限時。 此輔助程式刻意採取保守策略;不會僅因缺少元資料就預設其已過期。 對於零信任工作流程,請將缺少有效期限的情況明確視為失敗案例。針對稽核追蹤,請同時記錄 IsExpired 檢查(當前有效性)與 IsValidAt(signingDate) 檢查(簽署時的有效性)。 一張已過期的憑證,在文件簽署時可能仍屬有效; 這兩項數據點對於合規性而言都至關重要。
如何使用 SHA-256 拇指印進行憑證固定?
Sha256Thumbprint 屬性會傳回一個 64 字元的全大寫十六進位字串,此為 DER 編碼憑證的 SHA-256 雜湊值。 這是您將其與已知有效的簽署者憑證清單進行比對的值。
:path=/static-assets/pdf/content-code-examples/how-to/verify-pdf-signatures-thumbprint-pinning.cs
using IronPdf;
using IronPdf.Signing.Inspection;
using System.Collections.Generic;
// Known-good signer thumbprints from a compliance database
var pinnedThumbprints = new HashSet<string>
{
"A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2",
"F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5"
};
var pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("submitted-form.pdf");
foreach (var sig in pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures())
{
var cert = sig.SignerCertificate;
if (cert is null) continue;
// Pin against trusted thumbprint list
bool trusted = pinnedThumbprints.Contains(cert.Sha256Thumbprint);
Console.WriteLine($"Signer: {cert.CommonName}, Thumbprint: {cert.Sha256Thumbprint}");
Console.WriteLine($"Pinned: {trusted}");
}
Imports IronPdf
Imports IronPdf.Signing.Inspection
Imports System.Collections.Generic
' Known-good signer thumbprints from a compliance database
Dim pinnedThumbprints As New HashSet(Of String) From {
"A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2C3D4E5F6A1B2",
"F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5D4C3B2A1F6E5"
}
Dim pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("submitted-form.pdf")
For Each sig In pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures()
Dim cert = sig.SignerCertificate
If cert Is Nothing Then Continue For
' Pin against trusted thumbprint list
Dim trusted As Boolean = pinnedThumbprints.Contains(cert.Sha256Thumbprint)
Console.WriteLine($"Signer: {cert.CommonName}, Thumbprint: {cert.Sha256Thumbprint}")
Console.WriteLine($"Pinned: {trusted}")
Next
如何從原始憑證資料建構 X509Certificate2?
RawData 屬性會將 DER 編碼的憑證以 byte[] 格式傳回。 每次呼叫都會返回一個防禦性副本,因此內部資料絕不會透過參照方式暴露。 您可以利用此功能建立 System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2,以實現與 .NET 原生加密 API 的互通(包括鏈建立、政策驗證及 CRL 檢查)。
:path=/static-assets/pdf/content-code-examples/how-to/verify-pdf-signatures-x509-interop.cs
using IronPdf;
using IronPdf.Signing.Inspection;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
var pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("signed-report.pdf");
foreach (var sig in pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures())
{
var cert = sig.SignerCertificate;
if (cert is null) continue;
// Construct X509Certificate2 from defensive DER copy
byte[] derBytes = cert.RawData;
var x509 = new X509Certificate2(derBytes);
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Subject: {x509.Subject}");
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Issuer: {x509.Issuer}");
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Serial: {x509.SerialNumber}");
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Algorithm: {x509.SignatureAlgorithm.FriendlyName}");
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Key Size: {x509.PublicKey.Key.KeySize} bits");
}
Imports IronPdf
Imports IronPdf.Signing.Inspection
Imports System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates
Dim pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("signed-report.pdf")
For Each sig In pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures()
Dim cert = sig.SignerCertificate
If cert Is Nothing Then Continue For
' Construct X509Certificate2 from defensive DER copy
Dim derBytes As Byte() = cert.RawData
Dim x509 = New X509Certificate2(derBytes)
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Subject: {x509.Subject}")
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Issuer: {x509.Issuer}")
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Serial: {x509.SerialNumber}")
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Algorithm: {x509.SignatureAlgorithm.FriendlyName}")
Console.WriteLine($"X509 Key Size: {x509.PublicKey.Key.KeySize} bits")
Next
RawData 都會返回一份新的防禦性副本。 內部位元組陣列絕不會透過參考暴露,因此修改回傳的位元組內容不會影響後續的呼叫。)}]
此互通路徑讓您能將 IronPDF 的簽名驗證功能整合至現有的 .NET 憑證驗證流程中,例如 X509Chain.Build()、透過 CRL/OCSP 進行的撤銷檢查,或是自訂的 X509CertificateValidator 實作。
如何遍歷憑證鏈?
CertificateChain 屬性在 VerifiedSignature 上會傳回一個 IReadOnlyList<SignerCertificateInfo>,其順序為簽署者 → 中間憑證機構(s) → 根憑證機構。 索引 0 始終代表簽署者憑證(與 SignerCertificate 為同一物件)。 此清單絕不會為空; 若無法提取憑證鏈,則該憑證僅包含簽署者憑證。
:path=/static-assets/pdf/content-code-examples/how-to/verify-pdf-signatures-chain-walking.cs
using IronPdf;
using IronPdf.Signing.Inspection;
var pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("enterprise-signed.pdf");
foreach (var sig in pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures())
{
Console.WriteLine($"--- Signature: {sig.SignatureName} ---");
Console.WriteLine($"Chain length: {sig.CertificateChain.Count}");
// Walk from signer (index 0) through intermediates to root CA
for (int i = 0; i < sig.CertificateChain.Count; i++)
{
var cert = sig.CertificateChain[i];
string role = i == 0 ? "Signer"
: i == sig.CertificateChain.Count - 1 ? "Root CA"
: $"Intermediate CA ({i})";
Console.WriteLine($" [{role}]");
Console.WriteLine($" Subject: {cert.SubjectDN}");
Console.WriteLine($" Issuer: {cert.IssuerDN}");
Console.WriteLine($" Serial: {cert.CertificateSerialNumber}");
Console.WriteLine($" Valid: {cert.NotBefore} to {cert.NotAfter}");
Console.WriteLine($" Expired: {cert.IsExpired}");
Console.WriteLine($" Thumbprint: {cert.Sha256Thumbprint}");
}
}
Imports IronPdf
Imports IronPdf.Signing.Inspection
Dim pdf = PdfDocument.FromFile("enterprise-signed.pdf")
For Each sig In pdf.GetVerifiedSignatures()
Console.WriteLine($"--- Signature: {sig.SignatureName} ---")
Console.WriteLine($"Chain length: {sig.CertificateChain.Count}")
' Walk from signer (index 0) through intermediates to root CA
For i As Integer = 0 To sig.CertificateChain.Count - 1
Dim cert = sig.CertificateChain(i)
Dim role As String = If(i = 0, "Signer", If(i = sig.CertificateChain.Count - 1, "Root CA", $"Intermediate CA ({i})"))
Console.WriteLine($" [{role}]")
Console.WriteLine($" Subject: {cert.SubjectDN}")
Console.WriteLine($" Issuer: {cert.IssuerDN}")
Console.WriteLine($" Serial: {cert.CertificateSerialNumber}")
Console.WriteLine($" Valid: {cert.NotBefore} to {cert.NotAfter}")
Console.WriteLine($" Expired: {cert.IsExpired}")
Console.WriteLine($" Thumbprint: {cert.Sha256Thumbprint}")
Next
Next
SignerCertificateInfo 皆會公開與 SignerCertificate 相同的屬性:識別字段、有效性、拇指印、GetSubjectField() 以及 GetIssuerField()。 您可以驗證每個中間憑證的到期日期、將根憑證的拇指印與您的受信任根憑證儲存庫進行比對,並記錄完整的憑證鏈以供合規稽核使用。)]
後續步驟
SignerCertificate 和 CertificateChain 讓您無需離開 IronPDF API 介面,即可進行完整的 X.509 檢查。 接下來,自然會進一步深入探討這些組件所整合的 IronPDF 相關功能。
針對工作流程中的簽署環節,數位簽名操作指南涵蓋了憑證建立、元資料以及增量簽署等內容。 針對高安全性環境中的 HSM 簽名,HSM 簽名指南涵蓋了 PKCS#11 整合。 需要可直接使用的程式碼片段嗎? 數位簽章的程式碼範例即為其提供。
準備好在您自己的簽名 PDF 上試試看嗎? 立即開始 30 天試用,或查看授權方案。

